Fottea 2017, 17(2):164-177 | DOI: 10.5507/fot.2017.008

Morphology and distribution of Encyonema angustecapitatum Krammer species complex (Bacillariophyceae) with description of four new species from São Paulo, southeast Brazil

Gisele C. Marquardt1,*, Simone Wengrat1, Denise C. Bicudo1, Carlos E. Wetzel2, Luc Ector2, Carlos E. de M. Bicudo1
1 Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301-012, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; * Corresponding author e-mail: giselecmarquardt@gmail.com
2 Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research et Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand-duchy of Luxembourg

Type material of Encyonema angustecapitatum Krammer was investigated to establish the identity of several Brazilian Encyonema populations. In order to elucidate the differences and similarities of that species complex, morphological features under light and scanning electron microscopy were detailed. Notes on their distribution were also discussed. MDS analysis distinguished four Encyonema species presently described as new to science: Encyonema acquapurae sp. nov., Encyonema sparsistriatum sp. nov., Encyonema tenue sp. nov. and Encyonema paradisiacum sp. nov. The four new species can be separated on the basis of a combination of the following morphological features: valve outline, axial area, valve length, valve width, length to width ratio, number of striae in 10 μm and number of areolae in 10 μm. Regarding ecological preferences, all four species were mainly found in oligotrophic and oligo-mesotrophic environments.

Keywords: morphology, multidimensional scaling procedure (MDS), new species, taxonomy, type material, ultrastructure

Received: December 15, 2016; Accepted: March 7, 2017; Prepublished online: August 23, 2017; Published: September 20, 2017  Show citation

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Marquardt, G.C., Wengrat, S., Bicudo, D.C., Wetzel, C.E., Ector, L., & de Bicudo, C.E.M. (2017). Morphology and distribution of Encyonema angustecapitatum Krammer species complex (Bacillariophyceae) with description of four new species from São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Fottea, 17(2), 164-177. doi: 10.5507/fot.2017.008
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