Czech Phycology 2

REVIEW

KOMÁREK, J. & KOMÁRKOVÁ, J.: Review of the European Microcystis morphospecies (Cyanoprokaryotes) from nature. (Přehled evropských přírodních druhů rodu r. Microcystis (Cyanoprokaryota)). - Czech Phycology 2: 1-24, 2002
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TAXONOMY

HAŠLER, P. & POULÍČKOVÁ, A.: Planktic Cyanobacteria of the Central and Northern Moravia (Planktonní sinice střední a severní Moravy). - Czech Phycology 2: 25-32, 2002
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NOVÁKOVÁ, S.: Pseudodendromonas vlkii (VLK) BOURRELLY - poutník po systému (Pseudodendromonas vlkii (VLK) BOURRELLY - a taxonomic wanderer) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 33-37, 2002
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KALINA, T.: The cell wall of green alga Lagerheimia aff. subsalsa [in Czech].- Czech Phycology 2: 39-42, 2002
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NEUSTUPA, J.: An easy method for light microscopic distinguishing of xanthophycean and eustigmatophycean strains (Snadná metoda rozlišení kmenů tříd xanthophyceae a eustigmatophyceae ve světelném mikroskopu). - Czech Phycology 2: 43-46, 2002
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NEUSTUPA, J., NOVÁKOVÁ, S., ŠEJNOHOVÁ, L., ŠKALOUD, P. & ŘEZÁČOVÁ, M.: Algae from aquatic, peat bog and aerial biotopes in the catchment area of the river Křemelná in Šumava National Park (Řasy z vodních, rašelinných a aerických biotopů v povodí Křemelné v Šumavském národním parku). - Czech Phycology 2: 47-60, 2002
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GÁGYOROVÁ, K. & MARVAN, P.: Didymosphenia geminata a Gomphonema ventricosum (Bacillariophyceae) v Moravskoslezských Beskydech (Didymosphenia geminata and Gomphonema ventricosum (Bacillariophyceae) in Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 61-68, 2002
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ECOLOGY

KOČÁRKOVÁ, A., HEKERA, P. & RULÍK, M.: Contribution to the knowledge of algae from the wetlands of Poleski National Park (East Poland) (Příspěvek k poznání řas Poleského národního parku). - Czech Phycology 2: 69-74, 2002
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PITHART, D.: Řasy jako spolutvůrci vlastního prostředí (Algae as co-creators of their own environment) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 75-81, 2002
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VYMAZAL, J., KOMÁRKOVÁ, J., KUBEČKOVÁ, K. & KAŠTOVSKÝ, J.: Změny složení nárostů v závislosti na koncentraci fosforu ve floridských Everglades (Periphyton composition change along the phosphorus gradient in the Florida Everglades) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 83-92, 2002
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VYMAZAL, J.: Nárosty v umělých mokřadech používaných pro odstraňování fosforu ve floridských Everglades (Periphyton in constructed wetlands designed for phosphorus removal in the Florida Everglades) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 93-100, 2002
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SKÁCELOVÁ, O.: Předběžné výsledky algologického průzkumu štěrkových jezer Moravičany - Mohelnice (CHKO Litovelské Pomoraví) (Algological research of gravel pits Moravičany - Mohelnice (Protected Landscape Area Litovelské Pomoraví) - preliminary results) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 101-106, 2002
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EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED PHYCOLOGY

ŠVAGR, A., KOČÍ, V. & RAKOVICKÝ, T.: Testy toxicity na salinních vzorcích (Toxicological testing of high-salinity samples) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 107-113, 2002
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ŽÁKOVÁ, Z.: Změny trofického potenciálu a koncentrace chlorofylu a v řece Jihlavě a v nádržích Dalešice a Mohelno od jejich napuštění (Changes of the trophic potential and chlorophyll a content in the River Jihlava, and Dalešice-Mohelno Reservoirs since the infilling) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 115-124, 2002
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KVÍDEROVÁ, J.: Počítačové zpracování a archivace dat z biotestu (Computerized processing and archiving of data in a bioassay) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 125-128, 2002
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KOČÍ, V., MLEJNEK, M., OCELKA, T. & KOCHÁNKOVÁ, L.: Aplikace řasových biotestů pro hodnocení SPMD (Application of algal bioassays for toxicity evaluation of SPMD) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 129-137, 2002
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KOČÍ, V., MLEJNEK, M. & BURKHARD, J.: Statistické vyhodnocování řasových biotestů (Statistical evaluation of algal toxicity bioassays) [in Czech]. - Czech Phycology 2: 139-142, 2002
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KOMÁREK, J. & KOMÁRKOVÁ, J.: Review of the European Microcystis-morphospecies (Cyanoprokaryotes) from nature (Přehled evropských přírodních druhů r. Microcystis (Cyanoprokaryota)).

The cyanobacterial genus Microcystis has been delimited according to genetic criteria (molecular sequencing by 16S rRNA), but the subgeneric classification is unclear, and the existence of traditional morphospecies is doubtful. However, populations of this genus form heavy water-blooms in eutrophic waters over the world, numerous populations produce toxins, and therefore the orientation in the natural subgeneric diversity is important. The article reviews the main morphospecies recognised in European waters with their phenotype diacritical markers. The review was elaborated with a support of the EU-grant MIDI-CHIP EVK-2 as a basis for further studies.

HAŠLER, P. & POULÍČKOVÁ, A.: Planktic Cyanobacteria of the Central and Northern Moravia (Planktonní sinice střední a severní Moravy).

Phytoplankton of 51 fishponds and reservoirs of the Central and Northern Moravia were studied from August to September 2001. Selected ecological parameters were measured in situ (temperature, pH, conductivity, oxygen content). High distribution of Planktothrix agardhii and Anabaena spp. was found, other cyanobacteria were less represented.

NOVÁKOVÁ, S.: Pseudodendromonas vlkii (VLK) BOURRELLY - poutník po systému (Pseudodendromonas vlkii (VLK) BOURRELLY - a taxonomic wanderer).

A colourless flagellate Pseudodendromonas vlkii had been initially classified as a chrysophyte, than it was considered to be a haptophyte and recently it has been assigned to the protozoan class Zoomastigophorea. This species was repeatedly found in the mires of the Krkonoše Mts. The ultrastructure of the scales and the morphology in light and electron microscopes were observed. Its ecology was also studied and compared with previously published papers. P. vlkii appears to be an acidophilic and psychrophilic species.

KALINA, T.: Buněčná stěna kokální zelené řasy Lagerheimia aff. subsalsa (Trebouxiophyceae?, Chlorophyta) (The cell wall of green alga Lagerheimia aff. subsalsa).

Empty cell wall remnants of Lagerheimia aff. subsalsa were observed in phytoplankton sample taken in Baška reservoir near the town Frýdek-Místek (Ostrava region, Northern Moravia). The samples were collected using the plankton net (40x40 mm). Only the water passing through the net was used. Subsequently, 100 ml of the sample were filtered again, using the nitro-cellulose filter with 2.5 mm pores. The amorphous components of the cell wall remnants were naturally removed and no additional cleaning procedure was applied. The chromium shadowed tem preparation was made from diluted sediment.
in cell remnants, opposite poles of the cell bear a ring of at least 4 dense, homogenous bristles, which exceed the cell size. The cross-wise arrangement of microfibrils forms the main structural component of the cell wall. We can find similar arrangement of microfibrils in Oocystis solitaria (Trebouxiophyceae), Valonia sp. (Bryopsidophyceae), and in numerous green algae classified into Chlorophyta and Streptophyta. Some red algae exhibit similar cross-wise arrangement of microfibrils. So far, the chemical composition of microfibrils has been studied in only a few cases. In those cases, crystaline cellulose was always present and therefore considered as the main constituent of the microfibrils. In trebouxiophyceae, HEPERLE et al. (2000) considered the cross-wise arrangement of microfibrils as an important character, which confirms the classification of the alga into Trebouxiophyceae. Such idea can be correct, but only as an additional character to molecular taxonomy. Unfortunately, no species of Lagerheimia has been the subject of molecular taxonomy yet. In Kentrosphaera, WATANABE & FLOYD (1986) found the CCW orientation of basal bodies. It was the reason for the classification of that alga into Trebouxiophyceae. However GRAHAM & WILCOX (2000) considered the CCW orientation of basal bodies as a plesiomorph character, (i.e. It is similar in other groups of green algae). For this reason, the basal bodies orientation is not sufficient for a correct classification into Trebouxiophyceae. According to the original description of the class (FRIEDL 1995), the metacentric mitosis and the participation of centrioles on the formation of the phycoplast are the diacritic characters of the trebouxiophycean taxa (if the centrioles are present).

The paper presents a method of selective fuchsin-based cell wall staining distinguishing xanthophycean and eustigmatophycean species. The members of xanthophyceae exhibit distinct positive reaction, whereas eustigmatophycean strains remain unstained. The method could be useful in the distinguishing of living populations of the species of both classes.

The paper reports on algae found in the catchment area of the river Křemelná. In total, 100 species were determined. The main attention was paid to silica scaled chrysophytes, xanthophytes, and some genera of green algae. Morphological and ecological remarks to some species are included.

Didymosphenia geminata (LYNGB.) M.SCHMIDT, a rare boreo-alpine diatom, was found to form bulky epilithic growths in the Morávka River below the Morávka drinking water dam reservoir at approx. 480 m altitude. This is a further locality of this species known from the Carpathians and the first one on the territory of the Czech Republic. Permanent low water tempe-rature together with local nutrient enrichment below the dam are supposed to have supported its luxuriant development.
Gomphonema ventricosum GREG., a further boreo-alpine diatom of restricted distribution in Central European mountains, appears to belong to characteristic epilithic diatoms in streams draining the nothern slopes of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains. Its previous records from Morava (BÍLÝ 1945) have not been mentioned in recent floras. Gomphonema ventricosum occurs there together with several other characteristic diatoms accompanying Carpathian streams on limestone bedrock.

KOČÁRKOVÁ, A., HEKERA, P. & RULÍK, M.: Contribution to the knowledge of algae from the wetlands of Poleski National Park (East Poland) (Příspěvek k poznání řas Poleského národního parku)

The research of algae of Polesie National Park in east Poland was carried out in July 1999. Wide spectrum of habitats was studied, including peatbogs, artificial bog lakes ("torfianki"), lakes, small pools and fishponds. The studies were focused especially on Euglenophyta; 23 species of this group were found.

PITHART, D.: Řasy jako spolutvůrci vlastního prostředí (Algae as co-creators of their own environment).

Story of plankton seasonal course in small pond priest pot in NW England is taken as an example of self-structuration of vertically stratified lake ecosystem. From spring to the end of summer, the stratification enhances, species diversity increases. Rather than competition for existing niches, niches are co-created by organisms themselves - by changing their micro - environment. Positive feedback: more complex structure - more niches - higher biodiversity - more complex structure is evident. So-called a-biotic gradients in vertical water column are produced and maintained by permanent life activity of organisms.

Water Conservation Area 2A of the northern Everglades is the remnant of the vast sawgrass slough marsh that once stretched from Lake Okeechobee to the southern tip of Florida peninsula. WCA-2A covers an area of 450 km2 and is surrounded by dikes. Water draining from agricultural areas in the Hillsboro Canal is periodically allowed to flow into WCA-2A through four water control gates on the northeast side. WCA-2A is periodically drained through gates on the southern side. These inputs of nutrient-laden water through the control gates for over 25 years have created a nutrient enrichment gradient in WCA-2A extending roughly north-to-south for 3-5 kilometres. Six plots were established along each of three transects running south from gates 10-A, 10-C and 10-D in 1990. The transects (north to south) were roughly parallel to the dominant water flow from the drainage canal gates located on the southern side of the Hillsboro Canal. Our present study was conducted along the C-transect. The distance of sampling points C1 to C6 from Hillsboro Canal was 0.68, 2.40, 4.09, 6.14, 7.99 and 9.84 km, respectively.
A total of 207 algal and cyanoprokaryotic species were found along C-transect nutrient gradient. The most species belong to Cyanoprokaryota (96), Bacillariophyceae (59), Conjugatophyceae (25) and Chlorophyceae (22). The highest value of fresh biomass was recorded at site C2; this value was significantly higher as compared to all other sites. The periphyton species composition changes along the transect. Sites C1 and C2, i.e., sites with the highest P concentrations, were dominated by filamentous Cyanoprokaryota (namely Lyngbya and Phormidium) and green algae (e.g. Spirogyra spp, Mougeotia spp. and Oedogonium spp.). Sites C5 and C6, i.e., unimpacted sites, were dominated by diatoms (namely Mastogloia smithii, Nitzschia linearis, Rhopalodia gibba).

Everglades Forever Act of 1994 requires that water released from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), south to the Water Conservation Areas (WCAs), meet a total phosphorus (TP) treshold discharge limit that protects the natural ecosystem of the remaining Everglades. To fulfill this requirement over 16 000 m2 of macrophyte-based stormwater treatment areas (STAs) were designed and constructed. These wetland marshes are designed to reduce concentrations of TP in waters released from the EAA to the WCAs to comply with an interim standard of 50 mg,l-1. However, it has been found hat this interim TP standard may not be low enough to prevent alteration of the aquatic and wetland ecosystems downstream in the remaining Everglade; some primary research in the Everglades has suggested that the ultimate protective TP treshold could be as low as 10 mg.l-1.
In 1998 it has been decided to test periphyton-based stormwater treatment areas (PSTAs) as an advanced treatment technology within the framework of STAs. Evaluation remains focused on PSTAs as post-STA treatment units intended to help achieve compliance with anticipated ultimate TP criterion of 10 mg.l-1. In concept, the periphyton complex is hypothesized as being capable of extracting available P in the water introduced into the system and incorporation of that P into the biomass of the periphyton mat. Settling of detrital matter contributes to the long-term P storage. Additionally, because of the high primary productivity of these periphyton systems, water quality conditions favor P precipitation and binding into newly formed sediments.
In 1999, twenty four small mesocosm units (Porta PSTA) were fabrictaed with the size of 6 x 1 x 1 m. Porta PSTA treatments focused on the following primary design variables: substrate type (organic soil-peat and calcarious material-shellrock), water depth and hydraulic loading rate. Large-scale experiments were performed at existing 0.2 ha cells. During 18 month operation the average inflow TP concentrations for all test units varied between 19 and 28 mg.l-1 and outflow concentrations varied between 11.5 and 20.0 mg.l-1. The treatment effect varied between 16 and 52%.
The evaluation of periphyton composition revealed that at the beginning the major part of the biomass was formed by diatoms with dominant species Mastogloia smithii and Rhopalodia gibba. After one month of operation diatoms formed 79 to 97% of the biomass in Porta units and between 61 and 99% in large-scale units. During the course of the experiment, diatoms were gradually replaced by blue-green algae, namely Scytonema spp. and Synechococcus spp. - after 18 months blue-green algae averaged 58.1% of the periphyton biomass

Gravel-pit lakes, fragments of natural wetlands, and other marshes situated on the right bank of the River Morava near Mohelnice (Protected Landscape Area Litovelské Pomoraví) were studied to recognize present algal flora. Large oligotrophic gravel-pit lakes are colonized namely with diatomal and cyanobacterial phytoplankton. Periphyton is poor because of the absence of litoral zone. More interesting microflora was found in shallow water habitats, both in original reed communities, and new pools and shores with sediments from technological process of gravel washing.

ŠVAGR, A., KOČÍ, V. & RAKOVICKÝ, T.: Testy toxicity na salinních vzorcích (Toxicological testing of high-salinity samples).
Abstract: The paper deals with the effect of high salinity on toxicity tests evaluation. In the Czech Republic, there is no legislation to adjust it. However, the question is whether it is needed and if so, which estuarine or marine organisms (algae) would be the most appropriate indicators. Further, species from high-salinity water bodies of arid regions are discussed, as well as a standard marine bioassay (ISO 10253).

Long-term monitoring of the trophic potential and chlorophyll a content in the River Jihlava upstream and downstream the Dalešice - Mohelno System of Reservoirs and in both reservoirs (1977-2000) showed that the phytoplankton growth in the reservoirs was influenced by mineral nutrients input and their concentration in the cooling towers of Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant and by the repumping operation of the hydroeletric power plant. There were high phytoplankton input from the River Jihlava basin into Dalešice Reservoir and a substantial decrease in phytoplankton quantity downstream the reservoirs.

KVÍDEROVÁ, J.: Počítačové zpracování a archivace dat z biotestu (Computerized processing and archiving of data in a bioassay).

Large amount of data are obtained during bioassays carried out in immunological plates. The data have to be processed and archived for future references. Our laboratory developed a new file for these purposes. The ms binder file biotest consists of sections, and the necessary types of sections are concentration, conversion, data, metal and guide. The basic file is proposed for 10 successive measurements in one immunological plate with 10 samples (e.g. concentrations) with 6 replicates, for one alga and one metal. The section data archives measured values, and individual sheets of the section are linked to corresponding section metal where calculations and charts are made. The file can be easily changed according to the requirements of bioassays.

KOČÍ, V., MLEJNEK, M., OCELKA, T. & KOCHÁNKOVÁ, L.: Aplikace řasových biotestů pro hodnocení SPMD (Application of algal bioassays for toxicity evaluation of SPMD.)

This article focuses on a passive method of environmental sampling - semipermeable membrane device (SPMD). A sensitivity of algal bioassays for evaluation of SPMD in comparison to the test on photobacteria Vibrio fischeri was examined. We found that the sensitivity of algal bioassay was higher. Moreover, algal bioassay can better differentiate dialysates exposed to toxic and nontoxic conditions.

KOČÍ, V., MLEJNEK, M. & BURKHARD, J.: Statistické vyhodnocování řasových biotestů (Statistical evaluation of algal toxicity bioassays).

The article deals with the problems of statistical presentation of algal toxicity tests. We performed 12 and 10 parallel cultivations of algal suspensions in standard condition for toxicity assays. We suggest that the deviation up to 15%. determined by Probit analysis is not fully adequate for determination of EC50 for algal bioassays. Log-Lin linear regression fits better for experimental data. Only concentrations with inhibition effects from 20% to approximately 80% are recommended for calculation. For NOEC we recommend to choose the highest tested concentration with inhibition effect under 20%. Consequently, the next higher concentration with inhibition effect > 20% is recommended for LOEC determination.

Fottea - a journal of the Czech Phycological Society

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