Czech Phycology 3

REVIEW

KOMÁREK, J. & KOMÁRKOVÁ, J.: Phenotype diversity of the cyanoprokaryotic genus Cylindrospermopsis (Nostocales); review 2002 (Přehled (fenotypová diversita) cyanoprokaryotního rodu Cylindrospermopsis (Nostocales); stav v roce 2002). - Czech Phycology 3: 1-30, 2003
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TAXONOMY AND FLORISTICS

NĚMCOVÁ, Y.: Detection of cell wall structural polysaccharides by cellulase-gold and chitinase-gold complexes (Detekce polysacharidů v buněčné stěně). - Czech Phycology 3: 31-36, 2003
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MARVAN, P., GERIŠ, R. & RAMEZANPOOR, Z.: Navicula citrus KRASSKE (Bacillariophyceae) in the Czech Republic (Navicula citrus KRASSKE (Bacillariophyceae) v České Republice). - Czech Phycology 3: 37-40, 2003
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ŠEJNOHOVÁ, L., ŠKALOUD, P., NEUSTUPA, J., NOVÁKOVÁ, S., ŘEZÁČOVÁ, M. & OŠLEJŠKOVÁ, L.: Algae and cyanoprokaryotic species from peat bogs, streams, ponds and aerial biotopes in the region of South Šumava Mts. (Řasy a sinice z rašelinišť, vodních toků, nádrží a aerických biotopů jižní Šumavy). - Czech Phycology 3: 41-52, 2003
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ŠEJNOHOVÁ, L.: Sinice a řasy slepých ramen Vltavy v I. Zóně Šumavského Národního Parku "Vltavský luh" (Algal and cyanoprokaryotic species from backwater of the Vltava river in core zone "Vltavský luh" in the Šumava National Park). - Czech Phycology 3: 53-69, 2003
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NOVÁKOVÁ, S.: Algoflóra rašelinišť Českosaského Švýcarska (Algae of peat bogs in Bohemian-Saxonian Switzerland). - Czech Phycology 3: 71-78, 2003
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KUČERA, P.: Sinice a řasy tekoucích a stojatých vod přírodního parku "Pod Štědrým" (Algal flora of running and standing waters in the nature park "Pod Štědrým"). - Czech Phycology 3: 79-86, 2003
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EKOLOGIE

KOČÁRKOVÁ, A., POULÍČKOVÁ, A. & LELKOVÁ, E.: Diurnal changes of phytoplankton vertical distribution in a shallow floodplain pool (Diurnální změny vertikální distribuce fytoplanktonu v mělké tůni). - Czech Phycology 3: 87-96, 2003
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POULÍČKOVÁ, A., KITNER, M., HAŠLER, P., PAKOSTOVÁ, A., KARABINOVÁ, H., KŘÍŽOVÁ, B. & KOPP, R.: Fishpond trophic status assessment based on nutrients and bioindication I. Phytoplankton (Hodnocení trofie rybníků podle nabídky živin a bioindikačních metod I. Fytoplankton). - Czech Phycology 3: 97-110, 2003
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POULÍČKOVÁ, A., KITNER, M., KARABINOVÁ, H., PAKOSTOVÁ, A. & KŘÍŽOVÁ, B.: Fishpond trophic status assessment based on nutrients and bioindication II. Littoral diatom communities (Hodnocení trofie rybníků podle nabídky živin a bioindikačních metod II. Rozsivky litorálu). - Czech Phycology 3: 111-118, 2003
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POULÍČKOVÁ, A., NOVÁKOVÁ, J. & KRÁSOVÁ, P.: Vertical distribution of epiphytic algae on the mosses and their relation to moisture (Vertikální distribuce epifytických řas na mechorostech a jejich vztah k vlhkosti). - Czech Phycology 3: 119-124, 2003
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POULÍČKOVÁ, A.: Morphological variability of natural populations of Aulacoseira granulata (EHR.) SIMONS (Bacillariophyceae) (Morfologická variabilita přírodních populací Aulacoseira granulata (EHR.) SIMONS (Bacillariophyceae)). - Czech Phycology 3: 125-140, 2003
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STIBAL, M.: Ecological and physiological characteristics of snow algae from Czech and Slovak mountains (Ekologické a fyziologické charakteristiky kryosestonních řas z českých a slovenských hor). - Czech Phycology 3: 141-152, 2003
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HAŠLER, P. & POULÍČKOVÁ, A.: Competition for light among summer planktonic species (Kompetice o světlo mezi druhy letního planktonu). - Czech Phycology 3: 153-159, 2003
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NEUSTUPA, J. & ALBRECHTOVÁ, J.: Aerial algae on spruce needles in the Krušné hory Mts, Czech Republic (Aerofytické řasy na smrkových jehlicích v Krušných horách). - Czech Phycology 3: 161-167, 2003
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GERIŠ, R.: Phytoplankton communities in the drinking water reservoir of Znojmo (Společenstva fytoplanktonu ve vodárenské nádrži Znojmo). - Czech Phycology 3: 169-176, 2003
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VYMAZAL, J.: Calcareous periphyton assemblages of the northern part of Florida Everglades (Kalcifikovaná nárostová společenstva v severní části floridských Everglades). - Czech Phycology 3: 177-180, 2003
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EXPERIMENTÁLNÍ A APLIKOVANÁ ALGOLOGIE

* KOČÍ, V. & BURKHART, J.: Nelineární regrese jako nástroj hodnocení řasových biotestů (Nonlinear regression as a tool for an algal bioassay data treatment). - Czech Phycology 3: 181-183, 2003
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MLEJNEK, M., KOČÍ, V., KOCHÁNKOVÁ, L. & OCELKA, T.: Advantages of algal toxicity bioassays for SPMD evaluation (Výhody řasových testů toxicity pro hodnocení SPMD). - Czech Phycology 3: 185-193, 2003
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KOMÁREK, J. & KOMÁRKOVÁ, J.: Phenotype diversity of the cyanoprokaryotic genus Cylindrospermopsis (Nostocales); review 2002 (Přehled (fenotypová diversita) cyanoprokaryotního rodu Cylindrospermopsis (Nostocales); stav v roce 2002)

The cyanobacterial/cyanoprokaryotic nostocalean planktic genus Cylindrospermopsis (type species = C. raciborskii) was originally described as Anabaena by WOŁOSZYŃSKA (1912), later included in the genus Anabaenopsis (terminal heterocytes) by ELENKIN (1923), and at last separated as a special genus by SEENAYYA & SUBBA RAJU (1972) in respect to special trichome morphology and a special strategy of trichome development. It has a pantropical distribution. Eight new species were described recently, mainly from tropical freshwater planktic habitats. C. raciborskii has tendency to invade intensely temperate zones, where it forms heavy water-blooms, particularly in warmer regions. The intense production of toxic compounds was detected in this species, which classifies it among important and ecologically remarkable cyanobacteria requiring careful studies. The present paper yields a short current literary review of phenotype diversity of this genus, as a background to the further investigation. This study was supported by the grants EU-"MIDI-CHIP" no. EVK2-1999-00213, K6005114 and A6005380.

NĚMCOVÁ, Y.: Detection of cell wall structural polysaccharides by cellulase-gold and chitinase-gold complexes (Detekce polysacharidů v buněčné stěně)

The rigid cell wall of Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae) is probably composed of chitin-like substance. Chitinase isolated from Streptomyces griseus is able to split covalent linkages on isolated microfibrils. On cross-sections of plastic embedded cell walls the covalent linkages are "masked" by the layer of amorphous polysaccharides. The presence of cellulose in the cell wall can not be excluded. It does not dominated the rigid part, but is probably part of almost amorphous cell wall constituents located in interfibrillar matrix. Inner polysaccharidal layer of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorophyceae) cell wall is composed of cellulose. Neither algenan nor reticulate layer were labelled by cellulase-gold complex. Lorica of Dinobryon divergens (Chrysophyceae) is not composed of cellulosic microfibrils as it was previously thought (FRANKE & HERTH 1973), microfibrils are of chitinous nature. Cellulosic cell wall of Bumilleriopsis filiformis (Xanthophyceae) is multilayered, certain layers exhibit different intensity of labelling by cellulase-gold complex. Method of rigid cell wall polysaccharidal composition testing by cellulase-gold and chitinase-gold complexes can be considerate as reliable.

MARVAN, P., GERIŠ, R. & RAMEZANPOOR, Z.: Navicula citrus KRASSKE (Bacillariophyceae) in the Czech Republic (Navicula citrus KRASSKE (Bacillariophyceae) v České Republice)

Navicula citrus KRASSKE (1923), an extremely rare species of the Czech diatom flora, was up to now known from a few South Moravian localities (BÍLÝ 1945). Its recent findings, mainly in running waters, both in the River Morava Basin and the River Labe Basin, suggest the possibility of its just beginning expansion wave.

This paper presents the algological floristic investigation of the South Šumava Mts. In the vicinity of the Lipno I. Reservoir. In total, 137 taxa were determined. The most interesting species found in Olšina pond were Crucigenia quadrata and Eutetramorus planctonicus; in Pláničský pond the centric diatom Aulacoseira crenulata and silica-scaled chrysophytes (Mallomonas caudata and Synura petersenii) dominated plankton community. An interesting filamentous green alga Draparnaldia mutabilis occurred in a small periodic stream near Pláničský pond. Coleochaete scutata grew epiphytically on submersed vegetation in a small pond on the Smrčinský stream. An interesting autumn plankton community developed in a small pond in the village of Nová Pec, with dominant species Uroglena americana, Micrasterias americana and a very rare desmid species Spondylosium papillosum.

The locality "Vltavský luh" is situated in the upper reaches of the Vltava river in the vicinity of the Lipno I. Reservoir. Since the year 1989 this area has been incorporated into the core zone of Šumava National Park. This locality represents one of the last remnants of original alluvial ecosystems of upper Vltava river most of which have been flooded by the Lipno I reservoir in the year 1958. Investigated area consists of oligotrophic backwater and oxbow lakes. The samples were collected from diverse microbiotopes - plankton, water surface, perifyton, submersed wood, artificial substrate - microscopic slides, sediment, squeezed Sphagnum and ice. Species were identified from both natural samples and cultures. The main attention was paid to silica-scaled chrysophytes and to some genera of filamentous green algae. In total, 175 taxa were determined. Most species were found in plankton (104 taxa). On both periphyton and submersed wood 25 taxa were found. On artificial substrate 16 taxa were identified. Two species of silica-scaled chrysophytes were new records for Czech Republic - Mallomonas multiunca and M. retifera. On submersed wood the most common taxa were Calothrix stagnalis, Gloeotrichia cf. flagelliformum and Oedogonium sp. steril. In growths on microscopic slides the most interesting species were Hapalosiphon hibernicus, Rhipidodendron huxlei and Coleochaete orbicularis. Green filamentous alga Draparnaldia glomerata was abundant in all benthic and epiphytic microbiotopes.

NOVÁKOVÁ, S.: Algoflóra rašelinišť Českosaského Švýcarska (Algae of peat bogs in Bohemian-Saxonian Switzerland)

Algal flora of seven small mires in the Czech part of Bohemian-Saxonian Switzerland and five mires in the German part was investigated. In total one hundred and eighteen species were identified. The diversity of algae considerably correlates with pH and it is also influenced by the conductivity.

KUČERA, P.: Sinice a řasy tekoucích a stojatých vod přírodního parku "Pod Štědrým" (Algal flora of running and standing waters in the nature park "Pod Štědrým")

One hundred fifty four species have been found during the first investigation of algal flora in the nature park "Pod Štědrým" in western Bohemia. Seven localities, which were chosen regarding the representative composition of all possible water biotopes in the area, were investigated during the years 2000-2002. Selected parameters - pH, oxygen concentration and saturation and conductivity were measured at each locality. The highest species diversity has been found at the locality Přebudovský pond (88 species), the lowest at the Přebudov - spring locality (7 species). Some rare species of diatoms have been found in pure water of mountain streams - Diatoma anceps, Pinnularia alpina, P. microstauron, P. nodosa and peat bog waters - Pinnularia subcapitata, Stenopterobia intermedia, Eunotia bilunaris, Syncrypta volvox. Batrachospermum vagum (Rhodophyta) - a rare species of red algae has been found.

The study focused on measurements of selected environmental variables and phytoplankton abundance in a shallow floodplain pool. Vertical gradients of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients and their diurnal changes were found although the depth of the pool was only 80 cm (or 140 cm). Diurnal changes in vertical distribution were observed in the case of Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, and Chrysophyceae.

Two-year-study of selected environmental variables, phytoplankton abundance, structure and species composition at 12 fishponds was used for the evaluation of their trophic state. Favourable conditions of Bouzov fishponds are probably influenced by their disposition in the landscape. On the contrary, fishponds near Hradec Králové are strongly endangered by rapid eutrophication. The negative development of fishponds can be mitigated only by rigorous management excluding intensive fish or duck production, recreation, and agriculture in the surrounding fields. Prevention of external and internal loading and forestation of wide surroundings can be recommended.

Attached diatoms were sampled from artificial substrates. This paper deals with the use of littoral diatom communities in the assessment of the trophic status of several investigated fishponds. The results were compared with the assessments based on nutrients and phytoplankton. The distinction of different types of localities on the basis of littoral diatoms is possible, although it is more pronounced on the basis of nutrients and phytoplankton.

The basic aim of this study is to determine the vertical distribution of algae on the Sphagnum plants and their relation to moisture. At the most dry site, the number of algae is increasing with increasing depth. The highest number of algae in the upper part of Sphagnum plant was observed at the most wet places. Epiphytic algal communities on mosses are dominated by diatoms.

Measurements were carried out of cell height, valve diameter and cell number per filament during seasonal maxima of A. granulata for 24 hours at hourly intervals in the years of 1986-1988. Although, their cell length:width ratio corresponded to var. angustissima, the average width itself exceeded Hustedt´s figures (1930). Cell division in the populations was not synchronous. The cells had no tendency to maintain a constant volume - wider filaments contained longer cells. The populations differed in average valve diameter and cell heigh. The presumptive reasons of these differences were discussed.

STIBAL, M.: Ecological and physiological characteristics of snow algae from Czech and Slovak mountains (Ekologické a fyziologické charakteristiky kryosestonních řas z českých a slovenských hor)

Algal communities growing in melting snow represent an interesting example of organisms living in extreme conditions. The aim of this work was to study ecological and physiological demands of algae from Czech and Slovak mountains´ snowfields in situ and in culture. During the seasons 2000-2002 algae were sampled, transferred to laboratory, examinated, determined and four strains were isolated - Chloromonas nivalis, Chlorella vulgaris, Stichococcus bacillaris and Xanthonema hormidioides. Crossed gradients of temperature and light were used to learn about their ecophysiological limitations. The species Chloromonas nivalis expectedly appeared to be psychrophilic while the other species turned out to be psychrotolerant with temperature optima higher than 20°C. Light optima were very similar for all the species. Two cyanobacterial species new for the Czech Republic were found - Romeria nivicola in the locality Luční hora and Aphanocapsa nivalis in the locality Plešné jezero.

HAŠLER, P. & POULÍČKOVÁ, A.: Competition for light among summer planktonic species (Kompetice o světlo mezi druhy letního planktonu)

The presented study aims to verify the hypothesis that Planktothrix agardhii, similarly to diatoms, can tolerate low light conditions; thus the changes in species composition of cyanobacterial blooms can be explained by light limitation. Its ability to occupy dominant position in the mixture with other planktonic species under low light conditions has been verified by experiments.

NEUSTUPA, J. & ALBRECHTOVÁ, J.: Aerial algae on spruce needles in the Krušné hory Mts, Czech Republic (Aerofytické řasy na smrkových jehlicích v Krušných horách)

The aerial algal growths on spruce needles in two localities located in the western and central parts of the Krušné hory Mts, which were characterized by different levels of damage caused by environmental pollution, were investigated. In total four species of green algae were encountered in algal growths (Apatococcus lobatus (CHODAT) PETERSEN, Pseudococcomyxa sp., Chlorella angusto-ellipsoidea HANAGATA, KARUBE & CHIHARA, Choricystis minor (SKUJA) FOTT). In the western locality nearby Přebuz, where the phenomenon of "new forest decline" expressed by enhanced needle yellowing and shedding has been observed since 1999, the growths were more developed than in the central part locality in Kovářská. In addition, the coccal green alga Pseudococcomyxa sp. was present only in samples from the Přebuz locality, thus we hypothetize its bio-indicative importance.

GERIŠ, R.: Phytoplankton communities in the drinking water reservoir of Znojmo (Společenstva fytoplanktonu ve vodárenské nádrži Znojmo)

The reservoir was built in 1966 for drinking water supply, power generation, and irrigation. It is characterized by a very short retention time, narrow river-like shape, low average and maximum depths and high total phosphorus loading. Its catchment is large and strongly influenced by human activities. The composition of phytoplankton, zooplankton, chlorofyl-a concentration and chemical variables were analyzed monthly in the main vegetation seasons 1999-2002. The composition of phytoplankton assemblages is influenced both by high trophic status and extreme technical parameters of the reservoir. Diatoms prevailin spring, green algae and diatom Fragilaria crotonensis in summer. Blue-green algae occur mainly in late summer, but they have not recently constituted massive water blooms. Short retention time, intensive input of relatively cold water of the Dyje, River and consequently lower stability of the water column in summer are considered the main reasons for such a situation.

VYMAZAL, J.: Calcareous periphyton assemblages of the northern part of Florida Everglades (Kalcifikovaná nárostová společenstva v severní části floridských Everglades )

Kalcifikovaná nárostová společenstva jsou běžnou součástí řasové flóry floridských Everglades. Výskyt kalcifikovaných nárostů je ovlivněn především kvalitou vody (zejména koncentrací fosforu) a hydrologickými poměry. Nejčastěji se vyskytují v oblastech, které nejsou zasaženy přísunem živin z přilehlé zemědělské oblasti, tj. v oblastech s koncentrací celkového fosforu < 10 mg.l-1 v tzv. "slough", což jsou oblasti, které prakticky nikdy nevysychají. Sušina těchto nárostů dosahuje hodnot >3000 g m-2, což je způsobeno vysokou koncentrací vápníku v sušině (až 30%). Tím je ovlivněn i obsah popelovin v sušině, který je většinou > 50%, ale často bývá i > 80%. Bylo prokázáno, že na některých rostlinách je přítomno vždy velké množství nárostů (Eleocharis spp., Utricularia spp.), zatímco na jiných druzích (např. Nymphaea odorata) je nárostů velmi málo. Kalcifikované nárosty jsou velmi důležitou součástí ekosystému, především jako součást potravního řetězce a jako základ pro tvorbu dnových sedimentů, tzv. marl.

KOČÍ, V. & BURKHART, J.: Nelineární regrese jako nástroj hodnocení řasových biotestů (Nonlinear regression as a tool for an algal bioassay data treatment)

This article deals with statistical treatment of data obtained from algal bioassays. The main interest is focused on nonlinear regression, which is recommended as a good tool for estimate of EC50 values based on dose-response curve.

MLEJNEK, M., KOČÍ, V., KOCHÁNKOVÁ, L. & OCELKA, T.: Advantages of algal toxicity bioassays for SPMD evaluation (Výhody řasových testů toxicity pro hodnocení SPMD)

This paper focuses on monitoring of persistent organics pollutants (POPs) in the aquatic environment. POPs usually occur in trace concentrations, which are difficult to determine with conventional analytical methods.
A passive sampling method, using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), in combination with algal toxicity bioassay and bacterial bioluminescence assay were used. Scenedesmus subspicatus is sensitive to variable concentrations of persistent organic pollutants contained in sample. An advantage of algal assay is low sensitivity to impurities originating from commercial triolen used for filling the SPMDs.

MARŠÁLEK, B., BLÁHA, L. & BABICA, P.: Analyses of microcystins in the biomass of Pseudanabaena limnetica collected in Znojmo reservoir (Analýza microcystinů v Pseudanabaena limnetica z nádrže Znojmo)
Abstract: Cyanobacterial toxins, which are often produced by water blooms of Microcystis sp., Anabaena sp., Planktothrix sp. And other species (Chorus and Bartram, 1999) were shown to have significant adverse effects on both ecosystems and human health (Falconer, 1991; Pilotto et al., 1997). In the present study, content of microcystins in the biomass of Ps. limnetica was analysed using HPLC method to evaluate possible toxic risks of the species.
Pseudanabaena limnetica forms a water bloom in Znojmo reservoir during summer season 2002. For limnological and algological consequences see the contribution by Geris and Marvan in this issue. This paper describe the microcystins content, because there is to our knowledge no information concerning cyanotoxins in Pseudanabaena.

Fottea - a journal of the Czech Phycological Society

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