Czech Phycology 5
REVIEW
KOMÁREK, J.: Phenotype diversity of the heterocytous cyanoprokaryotic genus Anabaenopsis [Přehled (fenotypová diversita) heterocytosního cyanoprokaryotního rodu Anabaenopsis]. - Czech Phycology 5: 1-35, 2005
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KALINA, T.: New trends in the megasystems of Eukaryote (Review) [Nové trendy v systematice Eukaryot]. - Czech Phycology 5: 37-42, 2005
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TAXONOMY & FLORISTICS
HAŠLER, P. & POULÍČKOVÁ A.: Cyanobacteria of the West Carpathian Mts spring fens: single samplings [Sinice pramenišť západních Karpat: jednorázové odběry]. - Czech Phycology 5: 43-55, 2005
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NOVÁKOVÁ S.: Comparison of the algal flora in subalpine and montane mires in the Krkonoše Mts (the Giant Mts; Czech Republic) [Srovnání algoflóry subalpínských a montánních rašelinišť Krkonoš]. - Czech Phycology 5: 57-68, 2005
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EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
KVÍDEROVÁ J., STIBAL, M., NEDBALOVÁ, L. & KAŠTOVSKÁ, K.: The first record of snow algae vitality in situ by variable fluorescence of chlorophyll [První záznam vitality sněžných řas in situ pomocí variabilní fluorescence chlorofylu]. - Czech Phycology 5: 69-77, 2005
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HROUZEK, P., KOPECKÝ, J., SALÁT, J., MARŠÁLEK, B. & LUKEŠOV, A.: Cytotoxic effect of soil cyanobacterial extracts to mammal cell lines YAC-1 and WEHI [Cytotoxický efekt extraktů půdních sinic k liniím savčích buněk YAC-1 a WEHI]. - Czech Phycology 5: 79-90, 2005
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PŘIBYL, P. & CEPÁK, V.: Chromium influences growth and cell morphology but itself does not induce gametogenesis in three Scenedesmus obliquus strains [Chróm ovlivňuje růst a morfologii buněk u tří kmenů Scenedesmus obliquus, sám však nevyvolává gametogenezi]. - Czech Phycology 5: 91-100, 2005
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DŘÍMALOVÁ D.: Růstové regulátory v řasách [Algal growth regulators]. - Czech Phycology 5: 91-100, 2005
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KOMÁREK, J.: Phenotype diversity of the heterocytous cyanoprokaryotic genus Anabaenopsis.
Taxonomic review of the filamentous, nostocacean, heterocytous cyanobacterial genus Anabaenopsis (WOŁOSZYŃSKA) MILLER 1923 is presented in the article, with respect to diversity of natural populations. The specific development of heterocytes is the main traditional generic character of Anabaenopsis. This genus is delimited by both phenotypic and molecular criteria according to the modern cyanobacterial classification, but the infrageneric diversity is problematic. Morphological characters are discussed and the ecological data are included. A list of Anabaenopsis-taxa from natural habitats with their basic characters should serve as a background for identification and morphological evaluation of diversity of this biologically and ecologically important genus. – The study was supported by the grants GA AS CR no. IAA6005308 and KSK6005114.
HAŠLER, P. & POLÍČKOVÁ A.: Cyanobacteria of the West Carpathian Mts spring fens: single samplings.
The presented study focuses on the cyanobacterial diversity and variability in the West Carpathian Mts spring fens. Samples were collected at 32 sites on the border between the Czech and Slovak Republics. Moss assemblages inhabited particulary by subaerophytic cyanobacteria and diatoms dominated the investigated spring fens. Cyanobacteria were isolated from fresh moss samples and identified using light microscope. Environmental variables were measured using mobile instruments (WTW Company) and statistic software Canoco (TER BRAAK & ŠMILAUER, 1998) was applied for data evaluation. Altogether 51 cyanobacterial species were identified, including several interesting taxa: Aphanocapsa parietina, Cyanothece aeruginosa, Phormidium formosum, and Pseudocapsa cf. dubia. Morphology and ecology of the mentioned species are discussed and documented by drawings and distribution maps.
NOVÁKOVÁ S.: Comparison of the algal flora in subalpine and montane mires in the Krkonoše Mts (the Giant Mts; Czech Republic).
The subalpine mires in the Krkonoše Mts are unique among the Central European mountain mires due to their microtopography and phytosociology. The research was carried out to find out whether there is a difference between the subalpine and montane peatbogs in the algal flora as well. Samples from two subalpine mires (Pančavské rašeliniště, Úpské rašeliniště) and one montane bog (Černohorské rašeliniště) were examined. The algal flora of Pančavské rašeliniště peatbog diverged from the other two mires more than they differed each other. Local environmental conditions (e.g. physical and chemical variables, diversity of microbiotopes) seem to be more directive for the algal flora diversity than the altitudinal zonation.
KVÍDEROVÁ J., STIBAL, M., NEDBALOVÁ, L. & KAŠTOVSKÁ, K.: The first record of snow algae vitality in situ by variable fluorescence of chlorophyll.
Although snow algae may serve as very good model organisms for their adaptation to extreme environments, ecophysiological studies of them are rare. In our study, we measured the dependency of relative electron transfer rate on the irradiance of natural samples by variable fluorescence of chlorophyll directly in the field. The sample consisted mainly of zygospores of Chloromonas brevispina (FRITSCH) HOH. ROEM. et MULL. The cell density in the snowfield (105 cells.ml-1) exceeded the lower detection limit of the fluorometer. The parameters of the dependency indicate the viability of zygospores. The values of maximum quantum yield suggest that the zygospores were not subjected to serious stress and, for the first time, proved that the resting stages of Chloromonas brevispina were photosynthetically active, at least at the level of primary photochemical reactions in the photosystem 2.
HROUZEK, P., KOPECKÝ, J., SALÁT, J., MARŠÁLEK, B. & LUKEŠOV, A.: Cytotoxic effect of soil cyanobacterial extracts to mammal cell lines YAC-1 and WEHI.
The cytotoxic effects of ten methanol extracts obtained from soil filamentous cyanobacteria (Anabaena, Calothrix, Nodularia, Cylindrospermum, Tolypothrix and Trichormus) were studied. Two different mammal cell lines (YAC-1, WEHI) were selected for cytotoxicity testing using the MTT test and flow-cytometry (FC). For comparison, the brine shrimp assay (using Artemia as a testing organism) was performed. The composition of extracts was studied using HPLC-MS. Both MTT and FC found the cytotoxic effect in 6 of 10 tested cyanobacterial extracts, but these results did not correlate with those obtained by brine shrimp assay. In Anabaena torulosa and Cylindrospermum sp. the most severe damage was recorded by both methods. In cells treated by the extract of Anabaena torulosa, 100% inhibition was found already after 60-minute exposure. Induction of necrosis was revealed by FC, since all tested cells were marked by propidium iodide indicating disruption of the cellular membrane. Surprisingly, no effects associated with this extract were found for Artemia. In Cylindrospermum sp. both necrotic (80%) and apoptotic (20%) induction was found by FC. The presence of microcystins in these extracts was not proved by HPLC-MS, but several peaks with unknown molecular masses were observed. Thus, the production of new cytotoxins with cytoxicity comparable to microcystin can be expected.
PŘIBYL, P. & CEPÁK, V.: Chromium influences growth and cell morphology but itself does not induce gametogenesis in three Scenedesmus obliquus strains.
Three Scenedesmus obliquus strains (LHOTSKÝ,O. 1966/7, PRINGSHEIM/Praha Ac. A 125 and TOMASELLI/Praha Ac. A 835) were treated with hexavalent Cr(VI) or trivalent Cr(III) chromium of various concentrations. Growth and morphological changes were investigated, focusing on possibly zoospores or gametes production. Compound of Cr(VI+) was found as the more toxic than Cr(III). Generally, Cr(VI) influenced relatively more growth processes whereas Cr(III) reproductive ones (cellular division). Individual strains differed in relative sensitivity to chromium variants. Strain TOMASELLI was more sensitive to Cr(III) and more resistant to Cr(VI) than the other strains. We have found that all tested strains differed considerably in their cell morphology as a result of chromium treatment. The large aggregate of cell morphology changes was recorded during three weeks (various size and shape of cells and protoplast disturbances), nevertheless neither gametes nor zoospores were recorded. Our initial hypothesis that some metal ions could be able to turn the vegetative cycle of our experimental alga to the sexual reproduction was not confirmed.
DŘÍMALOVÁ D.: Růstové regulátory v řasách.
The form and function of plants would not be possible without efficient regulation and coordination of metabolism, growth and morphogenesis. The occurrence of plant growth regulators in the algae has been the subject of several studies. Hormones have been detected in extracts of both unicellular and multicellular forms of algae. At first with the assistance of bioassays and more recently the use of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry brought great progress in our understanding of phytohormone in algae. The synthesis and metabolism of plant growth regulators and the physiological responses of algae to these compounds has also been investigated although many questions still remain unanswered.