Fottea 2023, 23(1):62-96 | DOI: 10.5507/fot.2022.013

A critical analysis of the Fragilaria vaucheriae complex (Bacillariophyta) in Europe

Bart Van de Vijver1, 2*, Tanja M. Schuster3, Gunnar Steinn Jónsson4, Iris Hansen5, David M. Williams6, Wolf-Henning Kusber7, Carlos E. Wetzel8, Luc Ector8
1 Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium; *Corresponding author e-mail: bart.vandevijver@plantentuinmeise.be
2 University of Antwerp, Department of Biology - ECOSPHERE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
3 Natural History Museum, Department of Botany, Herbarium, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
4 Rorum ehf. Sundaborg 5, 104 Reykjavik, Iceland
5 Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Fornubúðir 5, 220 Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
6 The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
7 Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
8 Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN) Department, Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg

Fragilaria vaucheriae is one of the most common Fragilaria species in Europe, typically reported from impacted, eutrophic water bodies. Despite its ubiquity, the species presents a broad morphological variability, urging a complete taxonomic revision based on the analysis of the morphology of a substantial number of historic and recent populations. In the present study, type material of Exilaria vaucheriae, Fragilaria rinoi, and Echinella fasciculata β [var.] truncata was investigated using LM and SEM observations, together with more than 10 historic and recent populations. The results based on these comparisons show that Fragilaria vaucheriae is most likely a rather rare Fragilaria species in Europe and that most populations should be identified as Fragilaria truncata, a new combination made here based on Echinella fasciculata β truncata. The observations made in this study also resulted in the description of several new species, often with distinct ecologies and distributions: Fragilaria catenarinoi Van de Vijver et D.M.Williams sp. nov., F. kellyana Van de Vijver, D.M.Williams et Ector sp. nov., F. landnama Van de Vijver et Iris Hansen sp. nov., F. thingvellirensis Van de Vijver et G.S.Jónsson sp. nov., F. vandekerckhoveana Van de Vijver sp. nov., F. vaucheriaefalsa Van de Vijver et D.M.Williams sp. nov. and F. vaucheriaerobusta Van de Vijver, C.E.Wetzel et Ector sp. nov. Important features to discriminate the different species include valve outline (linear versus lanceolate), the presence of 'shoulders' beyond the apices, the presence of striae (and the formation of colonies), the stria density and the shape and structure of the central area. Using an analysis of the associated diatom flora, the ecological preferences of each taxon are briefly discussed.

Keywords: ecology of diatoms, Europe, Fragilaria vaucheriae-rinoi complex, morphology, new species, taxonomy, type analysis

Received: May 6, 2022; Revised: September 23, 2022; Accepted: October 8, 2022; Prepublished online: February 8, 2023; Published: April 1, 2023  Show citation

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Van de Vijver, B., Schuster, T.M., Jónsson, G.S., Hansen, I., Williams, D.M., Kusber, W., Wetzel, C.E., & Ector, L. (2023). A critical analysis of the Fragilaria vaucheriae complex (Bacillariophyta) in Europe. Fottea, 23(1), 62-96. doi: 10.5507/fot.2022.013
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